Thursday, February 14, 2019

The Space Shuttle vs BFS (Starship)

I can't give credit for this, unfortunately, because I don't know who rendered it. 
If you know, let me know in the comments.


The BFS--or Starship--will be a big beast.  And unlike the Space Shuttle, because it is re-usable and therefore much cheaper per launch, it will be a true space shuttle. Regarding costs, Musk recently said:

“This will sound implausible, but I think there’s a path to build Starship / Super Heavy for less than Falcon 9,” Musk said.

Wow.  My cost estimates were 4 to 6 times as high as that.  Currently SpaceX charges $62 million for a (non re-usable) launch of the Falcon 9, which lifts 25 tonnes into LEO (low earth orbit).  The Super Heavy/Starship will lift something like 100 tonnes of cargo plus 100 people, so that's at least a four-fold cost reduction.  But it will be 100% re-usable, again, and again, and again.  100s of times. 

So re-usable in fact, that fuel could be a bigger part of the cost per launch than depreciation and maintenance!  Fuel costs for a Falcon 9 are $300-$400K per launch.  Using the combined rocket engine tally as a guess for how much BFR/BFS's fuel will cost give us $1.5 million per launch (38/10*400K).  Assume 100 launches (it could be 1000!) and that gives us a capital/depreciation cost per launch of $620K.  Maintenance, interest charges, development costs?  Let's assume they're the same as the depreciation cost.  Means total cost per launch to LEO  of $3-$4 million.  That is insane!

The cost to Mars will be 7 or 8 times the cost per launch to LEO, because the BFS (Starship) will have to be refuelled by tanker while it is in orbit round the Earth (that won't be necessary to return from Mars because of the lower gravity).  So that means something like $320K per person (including 1 tonne of cargo per person).  The BFS might only be used 10 times, given that Mars is in opposition to Earth only every 2 years, meaning that it will only be usable 10 times each way on the Mars trip before it becomes obsolete. On the other hand, there will no doubt be plenty of opportunities to use the BFS here on Earth between each opposition, if the journey to Mars takes 3 months. With costs this low, we are surely going to have several space stations orbiting Earth and perhaps Mars, and the Starship/Super Heavy combo will be in big demand, here and there.

The cost for a point-to-point Starship ticket will depend on how many passengers can be fitted in.  Say, 500.  That makes the point-to-point ticket $8000.  SpaceX could charge $15,000 and get away with it.  Business people would find such quick trips irresistible.  And no one else is doing it, so there won't exactly be any competition.  As for space tourism ...  A trip to LEO with cargo and 100 passengers could cost $20,000 if cargo (being taken up to the ISS or other space stations, for example) bore half the cost.  Again, wow.  A week in space on the Starship!  Watch the sun rise over Earth!  See the star-sprinkled void of space!  And so on.  Would people pay $20,000?  Yep.  Tens of thousands of them.  And you wondered how SpaceX would pay for the Starship ......

Well, Musk may be too optimistic, or wrong.  The Starship might fail.  The evaporative cooling system might be a no-go.  But really, would you bet against him?  I wouldn't. 


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