How the world warmed in 2018

By Zeke Hausfather in Carbon Brief:

The oceans were the hottest ever:

The atmosphere was the 4th warmest on record (chart shows temperature anomalies) :

The dashed line shows raw data (i.e., unadjusted) for the global anomaly.  Note how unadjusted data have risen more than adjusted.

The recent sustained rise started in 1975:

A steady rise, despite volcanic eruptions in 1982 and 1991 and El Niños in 1998 and 2016.

The average model forecast post 1995 has tracked the real world temperature rather well.

And that old standby of denialists, the upper air temperature, has also risen:

And arctic sea ice has trended inexorably downwards: